补肾活血汤对小卵泡排卵不孕症患者卵泡发育、卵巢动脉血流的影响

目的:观察补肾活血汤对小卵泡排卵(SFO)不孕症患者卵泡发育、卵巢动脉血流的影响。方法:将80例SFO不孕症患者随机分为两组,对照组40例接受枸橼酸氯米芬口服治疗,观察组40例,在对照组基础上加用补肾活血汤治疗,两组均治疗3个月经周期。统计两组临床疗效,并比较两组最大卵泡平均直径、子宫内膜厚度、成熟卵泡排卵率、未破裂卵泡黄素化综合征(LUFS)、妊娠率、早期自然流产率、性激素与卵巢动脉血流。结果:观察组治疗的临床总有效率为82.50%,明显高于对照组的62.50%(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,两组治疗后最大卵泡平均直径、子宫内膜厚度均明显增加(P<0.05),且治疗后观察组以上指标均高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组成熟卵泡排卵率和妊娠率高于对照组(P<0.05),LUFS发生率、早期自然流产率低于对照组(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后两组血清LH、E₂水平、卵巢动脉PSV、EDV均明显增加(P<0.05),血清FSH、RI均明显降低(P<0.05),且治疗后观察组上述指标均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:补肾活血汤可明显促进SFO不孕症患者卵泡发育,增加成熟卵泡排卵率与妊娠率,并改善性激素与卵巢动脉血流循环。     

New evidence supporting lung cancer screening with low dose CT & surgical implications

IntroductionLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-death worldwide. The U.S. Preventative Services Task Force (USPTSF) approved screening for current or former smokers aged 55–80 based on the results of the National Lung Screening trial (NLST). Following the NLST, new evidence has emerged from clinical trials and updates to previous trials prior to the anticipated update to the USPSTF guideline. We review the new evidence on lung cancer screening with low dose computed tomography (LDCT) and the surgical implications.MethodsA review of new literature was performed pertaining to lung cancer screening since implementation of UPSTF guidelines. Articles for inclusion were identified by both authors’, then search of the Pubmed and Cochrane database was performed from January 1st, 2013 through February 4th, 2020 using the MeSH search terms: “lung cancer”; “screening”; “low dose CT”. The results of these studies are summarized.ResultsWe identified multiple prospective randomized control trials and meta-analysis since the NLST supporting lung cancer-specific mortality with screening. We identified new nodule classification systems and the development of risk-models which may reduce false positive rates and identify high risk patients not currently eligible for screening. Finally, we discussed the surgical implications of screening.ConclusionNew data supports NLST findings and show ongoing benefit to LDCT for lung cancer screening. Standardized LDCT screening classification has been shown to reduce harm and lower false positive rates. Further study is needed regarding use of risk-modeling. Screening will require an increase in the thoracic workforce to accommodate the amount of surgically operable cancers.     

Ovarian cancer screening: Current status and future directions

Ovarian cancer is the third most common gynaecological malignancy and the most lethal worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed with advanced disease which carries significant mortality. Improvements in treatment have only resulted in modest increases in survival. This has driven efforts to reduce mortality through screening. Multimodal ovarian cancer screening using a longitudinal CA125 algorithm has resulted in diagnosis at an earlier stage, both in average and high risk women in two large UK trials. However, no randomised controlled trial has demonstrated a definitive mortality benefit. Extended follow up is underway in the largest trial to date, UKCTOCS, to explore the delayed reduction in mortality that was noted. Meanwhile, screening is not currently recommended in the general population Some countries offer surveillance of high risk women. Novel screening modalities and longitudinal biomarker algorithms offer potential improvements to future screening strategies as does the development of better risk stratification tools.     

A modified technique to perform para-aortic lymphadenectomy up to the renal vein

ObjectiveTo investigate the safety and feasibility of our modified technique to perform lymph node excision up to the renal vein in cases of gynecological cancer.Materials and methods87 patients with endometrial or ovarian neoplasms underwent laparoscopic para-aortic lymphadenectomy (LPAL) up to the left renal vein were enrolled prospectively. During surgery, the surgeon was positioned to the right side of the patient and an additional trocar was introduced into the upper right abdomen. The laparoscopic video screen was placed to the side of the patient's head. Three-fan retractor forceps were used to hold up the duodenum and small bowel. The rest of the procedure was the same as conventional LPAL.ResultsThe median operating time for LPAL was 72 min (range: 40–115 min) and the median estimated blood loss was 45 ml (range: 15–1000 mL). There were two cases of intra-operative vascular injury. The median number of retrieved para-aortic lymph nodes (PALNs) was 18 (range: 10–37). Of the 87 patients, 11 patients had positive PALNs. None of the cases required laparotomy.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that our modified LPAL technique is feasible, reproducible, can achieve good exposure and reduces surgical difficulty.     

Systematic review of acceptability,cardiovascular, neurological,bone health and HRT outcomes following risk reducing surgery in BRCA carriers

Primary surgical prevention in the form of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) is the most effective option and the gold standard for ovarian cancer (OC) risk-reduction, particularly given the absence of an effective national OC screening programme. However, premenopausal RRSO leads to premature surgical menopause with detrimental long-term health sequelae particularly in women who do not/are unable to take hormone replacement therapy (HRT). HRT uptake in women undergoing pre-menopausal oophorectomy appears low and is dependent on informed counselling, the safety of HRT and efficacy in mitigating the health sequelae of premature menopause. Acceptance of a central role for the fallopian tube in OC etiopathogenesis, coupled with the detrimental consequences of premature menopause, has led to the attractive proposal of early-salpingectomy with delayed oophorectomy as an alternative OC surgical prevention strategy in premenopausal women who have completed childbearing but decline or wish to delay RRSO. The successful implementation of risk reducing surgery for OC prevention depends on the acceptability of surgery to both, recipients (e.g. BRCA1/BRCA2 carriers) and intervention deliverers (healthcare professionals/researchers). Acceptability is also informed by an understanding of health outcomes following risk reducing surgery and the safety of HRT. It is therefore vital to understand the effects of surgery on important health outcomes such as cardiovascular health, neurological function and bone health. We present a comprehensive review of acceptability, the selected health outcomes mentioned above and HRT safety following risk reducing surgery.     

Fibromatosis ovárica: “signo de la guirnalda negra”

The main objective in the imaging differential diagnosis of an ovarian mass is to establish whether it is cystic or solid; solid lesions are less common. Ovarian fibromatosis is a benign disease of the ovary that is rarely included in the differential diagnosis of solid ovarian lesions. Characteristic features of masses that have a fibrous component are low signal in T1-weighted MRI sequences and especially in T2-weighted MRI sequences. The presence of peripheral fibrotic tissue around the residual ovarian tissue is specific to ovarian fibromatosis; on MRI, this results in marked hypointensity on T2-weighted images that has been dubbed the “black garland sign”. This sign, together with slight peripheral enhancement after the administration of contrast material and the preservation of the ovarian architecture, facilitates the diagnosis, making it possible to avoid unnecessary surgical interventions.     

脂肪和肥胖相关基因通过TLR2/p38信号通路促进异位子宫内膜间质细胞纤维化

目的：探讨脂肪和肥胖相关基因（FTO）对异位子宫内膜间质细胞（eESCs）纤维化的影响及其机制。方法：采用实时定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）检测子宫内膜异位症（EMs）患者病变组织中m6A相关基因的表达；通过慢病毒载体过表达FTO，在eESCs中检测纤维化相关基因的表达；通过m6A2 Target数据库和MeRIP-qPCR预测和验证eESCs中FTO与Toll样受体2（TLR2）的关系；Western blot法检测p38的蛋白表达变化。结果：FTO在EMs中表达下调（P ＜0.05）；FTO过表达促进eESCs纤维化并抑制其增殖（P ＜0.05）；在eESCs中，FTO通过TLR2 的m6A修饰途径上调其蛋白水平（P ＜0.05）；FTO在eESCs中经TLR2/p38 信号通路促进细胞纤维化（P ＜0.05）。结论：FTO在EMs中低表达，上调FTO可能通过TLR2/p38信号通路促进eESCs纤维化。     

No todo es lo que parece: miastenia gravis,una rara manifestación paraneoplásica del cáncer de ovario: caso clínico

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes are an unusual diseases rarely associated with gynaecological tumours. Their presence must alert on the possible existence of an underlying malignant tumour.A rare case is presented of myasthenia gravis as a paraneoplastic manifestation of an advanced primary ovarian cancer.